
Note
To get a complete understanding of the Linux™ file system, the Linux™ Filesystem Hierarchy documentation hosted by tldp is recommended reading.
A filesystem is a method of storing and organizing files — not only in Linux™, but also in other computer operating systems. In Linux™, most files are “regular files”, except for directories, special files, links, sockets, and named pipes. The most common filetypes that users interact with are regular files, directories, and links.
Open a terminal (in Kubuntu™ this is called Konsole) and typing
ls /
This brings up a list similar to the following:
bin boot cdrom dev etc home initrd.img lib lib32 lib64 lost+found media mnt proc root sbin selinux srv sys tmp usr var vmlinuz
Note
Seznami niso vedno videti enako kot zgornji.
Sledi pregled datotek ali map z zgornjega seznama.
Pregled datotečnega sistema
bin
Contains terminal commands that are useful to system administrators (who have full access privileges) and to regular users (who have limited access privileges). The commands in this directory are essential to the operation of a Linux™ system. Some of the commands in the
bin
directory are bash, ls, cp, and cat.boot
Contains the files required for the boot process. In the case of Kubuntu™, it contains the files for the GRUB2 boot-loader, master boot records, map files, and the Linux™ kernel.
cdrom
A symlink or “symbolic link” to
/media/cdrom
, which itself is a symlink to/media/cdrom0
. If a CD is placed into the CDROM drive, the contents of that CD will be available in the/media/cdrom0
directory.dev
Location of special or device files. For example,
/dev/sda0
is the first partition on the hard drive.etc
Vsebuje vse s sistemom povezane nastavitvene datoteke, ki se uporabljajo za nadzor delovanja programov.
home
Vsebuje domačo mapo za vsakega uporabnika na sistemu. Uporabnikova domača mapa lahko vsebuje nastavitvene datoteke, dokumente, glasbo, video posnetke, in ostale, uporabniško določene mape in datoteke.
initrd.img
A symlink to
/boot/initrd.img-<kernel version>
which is required for system startup.lib
Contains the kernel modules and shared library images needed to boot the system and run commands.
lib32
Same as
lib
above, but contains only the 32-bit versions.lib64
Same as
lib
above, but contains only the 64-bit versions.lost+found
Vsebuje rezultate opravila obnove zaradi nepravilnega izklopa ali sesutja sistema.
media
Contains the subdirectories which are used as mount points for removable media, such as CDROM drives, USB disks, or floppy disks.
mnt
Generic mount point for filesystems or devices. In most cases,
media
is where most devices will be auto-mounted.opt
Okrajšava za “optional” (neobvezno). Ta mapa se uporablja za dodatne pakete, ki jih uporabnik namesti ročno.
proc
Navidezni datotečni sistem, ki vsebuje podatke o delovanju sistema, ki so predstavljeni v obliki datotečnega drevesa.
/root
Domača mapa sistemskega skrbnika, ki je znan kot “root”.
sbin
Contains programs that are essential to the working of the system, such as fdisk, ifconfig, reboot, and shutdown.
selinux
A pseudo-filesystem containing the commands used by the kernel sub-system for the Security-Enhanced Linux™ feature.
srv
Vsebuje podatke, posebne za mesto, ki jih sistem streže.
sys
Contains the Linux™ kernel, firmware, and system-related files.
tmp
Vsebuje datoteke, ki so potrebne samo začasno. Veliko programov to mapo uporablja za ustvarjanje zaklepnih datotek in za začasno hrambo podatkov.
usr
Contains the largest share of data on the system, including read-only user data, as well as files and programs, such as program binaries, documentation, libraries, header files, and more.
/var/
Vsebuje spremenljive podatke, kot so sistemske dnevniške datoteke, poštne mape in vrstilne mape tiskalnika, kot tudi prehodne in začasne datoteke.
vmlinuz
A symlink to a compressed executable of the Linux™ kernel.